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Signs of Childhood Cancer
Based on information from
http://www.acor.org/ped-onc/diseases/SOCC.html.
What are the odds of developing childhood cancer such as Ewing's sarcoma?
The odds of your child developing cancer by the age of 19 is approximately 1
in 330.
My doctor said there is nothing wrong...?
You need to trust your instincts. When
you feel that there is really something wrong with your child, even if the
doctor initially interprets the symptoms as a common child ailment. Your doctor
may be right, but you need to make sure certain tests are performed to rule out
cancer.
What are the signs of Childhood Cancer?
Cancer in children is fairly rare, but is often curable. It is important to make
an early diagnosis. For this a high index of suspicion is necessary. The
commonest types of cancer in childhood are leukaemia, lymphomas and tumours in
the brain or abdomen. Suspect cancer in a child with any of the following
features:
-
Pallor plus bleeding (such as purpura, unexplained bruises or
persistent oozing from mouth or nose).
-
Bone pain
. not localised to specific area and that often wakes the child at
night
. a child who develops a limp, or a toddler who becomes reluctant to
bear weight, or who stops walking
. always investigate backache in a child.
-
Localised lymphadenopathy, when persistent and unexplained
. Beware of axillary / inguinal / cervical glands that are > 2 cm in
diameter, discrete and non-tender, and do not get smaller after 2 weeks'
treatment with antibiotics.
. 'tuberculous' nodes not responding to treatment within 6 weeks
. glands in the supraclavicular area
. biopsy these nodes.
-
Unexplained neurological signs
. headaches lasting longer than 2 weeks
. early morning vomiting
. ataxia (walks unsteadily)
. cranial nerve palsy
-
An unexplained mass
. important sites are the abdomen, testes, head and neck and limbs
. if a young child with abdominal distension is uncooperative, examine
under sedation (Vallergan 2 mg/kg) to be sure that a mass is not present.
-
Persistent unexplained fever, apathy or weight loss
. first exclude urinary tract infection, tuberculosis and HIV
. then consider malignancy.
-
Eye changes
. white reflex
. recent onset of squint
. proptosis
. loss of vision
. refer children with these eye changes urgently to a centre with an
ophthalmologist.
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